![]() Unintended consequence: Defiant student gets to leave and not clean up classroom.Īntecedent: Teacher is not paying attention to Alicia and is helping another student with an assignment.īehavior: Alicia tries to get the teachers' attention by banging on the metal chair with her heels. Negative reinforcement of problem behavior ![]() Tolman summarized this basic theory, which he…Įxtinguishing the behavior through negative reinforcementĭifferential reinforcement of high-rate behaviors: positive reinforcement of desired behaviorsĪntecedent: The teacher asks the student to clean up the cafeteria tables.īehavior: The student is disrespectful and kicks over a garbage can.Ĭonsequence: The student is given a 'time out' in the classroom with his head down. All of his experiments with rats moving through mazes at the University of Berkeley proved to his satisfaction that behavior was actually the dependent variable, with the environment as the independent variable, with mental processes as intervening variables. ![]() In short, he became a mentalist without actually using that term to describe himself and concluded that all behavior was "purposive" (Hergenhahn, 2009, p. Although he rejected introspective methods and metaphysics, he increasingly moved away from strict behaviorism into the areas of cognitive psychology. Tolman argued that the behaviorist theory that learning was a matter of stimulus-response (S-) and positive and negative reinforcement was highly simplistic. ![]() Skinner and the other strict behaviorists, or the ussian physiologists like Ivan Pavlov, Edward C. A) What does Tolman's theory of animal learning tell us about the motivation for human learning? ![]()
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